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Petru Groza (7 December 1884 – 7 January 1958) was a Romanian politician, best known as the Prime Minister of the first Communist Party-dominated governments under Soviet occupation during the early stages of the Communist regime in Romania. Groza emerged as a public figure at the end of World War I as a notable member of the Romanian National Party (PNR), preeminent layman of the Romanian Orthodox Church, and then member of the Directory Council of Transylvania. In 1933, Groza founded a left-wing Agrarian organization known as the Ploughmen's Front (''Frontul Plugarilor''). The left-wing ideas he supported earned him the nickname ''The Red Bourgeois''. Groza became Premier in 1945 when Nicolae Rădescu, a leading Romanian Army general who assumed power briefly following the conclusion of World War II, was forced to resign by the Soviet Union's deputy People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs, Andrei Y. Vishinsky.〔"Petru Groza of Rumania Dies; Chief of State of Red Regime, 72", in ''The New York Times'', 8 January 1958; ProQuest Historical Newspapers – ''The New York Times (1851–2002)'', p.47〕 Under Groza's term as premier until 1952, Romania's King, Michael I, was forced to abdicate as the nation officially became a "People's Republic". Although his authority and power as Premier was compromised by his reliance upon the Soviet Union for support, Groza presided over the consolidation of Communist rule in Romania before eventually being succeeded by Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej in 1952.〔 ==Early life and career== Born as one of the three sons of a wealthy couple in Băcia (then called Bácsi), a village near Deva in Transylvania (part of Austro-Hungarian Empire at the time), Groza was afforded a variety of opportunities in his youth and early career to establish connections and a degree of notoriety, which would later prove essential in his political career.〔Cioroianu, 6.1.1 (pp. 149-150)〕 After graduating from the Calvinist high school in Orăștie (now "Liceul Aurel Vlaicu"), he began his law training in Hungary, studying at the University of Budapest before attending both the University of Leipzig and the University of Berlin.〔〔 By the eve of World War I, Groza had completed his studies and returned to Deva to work as a lawyer. In 1918, he emerged on the political scene as a member of the Romanian National Party (PNR) and obtained a position on the ''Directory Council of Transylvania'', convened by ethnic Romanian politicians who had voted in favour of union with Romania; he maintained his office over the course of the following two years.〔 Throughout this period of his life, Groza established a variety of political connections, working in various Transylvanian political and religious organizations. From 1919 to 1927, for example, Groza obtained a position as a deputy in Synod and Congress of the Romanian Orthodox Church. In the early 1920s, Groza, who had left the PNR after a conflict with Iuliu Maniu and had joined the People's Party,〔 began to serve as the Minister for Transylvania and Minister of Public Works and Communications in the Alexandru Averescu cabinet.〔〔 During this period in his life, Groza was able to amass a personal fortune as a wealthy landowner〔 and establish a notable reputation as a prominent layman within the Romanian Orthodox Church, a position which would later make him invaluable to a Romanian Communist Party (PCR) that was campaigning to attract the support of Eastern Orthodox Christians who constituted the nation's most numerous religious group in 1945.〔〔Cioroianu, 6.1.2 (pp. 150-152)〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Petru Groza」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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